Essay on Fame in Djerassi’s Cantors Dilemma -- Cantors Dilemma Essay

Dreams of Fame in Djerassi’s Cantor's Dilemma  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve around the scientific method, or at least they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a hypothesis from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a conclusion that best explained the data collected. Yet today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that scientists, or the "treasure hunters" of that field, are no longer interested in permanent solutions, achieved through proper use of the scientific method, and rather are more interested in solutions that guarantee fame and fortune. Fame and fortune as a motive for scientific discovery is a popular theme in fictional writing, especially in Cantor's Dilemma by Carl Djerassi. Cantor's Dilemma is a novel of the struggles of two scientists through life and a Nobel Prize "campaign". As one digs deeper into the context of the novel, one finds it similar to that of a political race, a fight for glory. For example, the "Cantor-Stafford experiment", the first tumorigenesis experiment tested in the novel, was not validated before its findings were published. This example fails to meet the standards of the scientific method because a conclusion was reached before experimentation was fully executed. Surely any true scientist would know such conclusions to be unsuitable and not "Nobel" worthy. Yet, Cantor and Stafford, both, won a Nobel Prize for their work. Kurt Krauss in Cantor's Dilemma, an opportunistic scientist, is the extreme of scientific deviance. As a fellow scientist and a competitor, Krauss is charged with the duty of ch... ...o not believe my experience has changed the ways of the scientist at that company. Both in fiction and in real life a certain breed of scientists has decided to ignore the scientific method and chase dreams of fame. With that fame, they hope to dig deep into our pockets and reap the benefits of their poor workmanship. It is most evident from the examples given that these scientists, who have seemingly reversed scientific evolution, no longer care for true science and the scientific method, but rather are interested in personal glory. 1 Carl Djerassi, Cantor's Dilemma (New York, New York: Penguin Books, 1991), pg. 113. 2 Djerassi, Cantor's Dilemma, pg. 113. 3 Abbott laboratories, medical news, (http://www.plsgroup.com/dg/72da.htm), 5:25 p.m. 9/23/97 4 "Cold Fusion Times", (Wellesey Hills, MA http://world.std.com), 7:15 p.m. 9/23/97      

Skin Color in Black Like Me :: Black Like Me Essays

Black Like Me  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skin Color    What is the value of skin color?   In the biological point of view, it is worth nothing.   In the social point of view, it represents community standings, dignity, confidence or something people have never imagined.   In the story Black Like Me, by John Howard Griffin, a white Southern reporter, who is the author and the main character, experienced an unforgettable journey in the Deep South.   Mr. Griffin has a heart, which is filled with curiosity; he therefore undertook a significant project.   He took several medical treatments to change his skin pigments from white to black in order to write a report. To create a successful project, Griffin had to leave his wife to be a temporary African American.   Being an African American brought him many unfair encounters.   However, after he changed back to a Caucasian, the attitude of everyone had immediately turned, and they treated him well.   Mr. Griffin felt bad, and he told everyone about his experiences by writing book s and attending press interviews.   Throughout these hard times, one can read this book and find out the characteristics of the author, how he saw the light bulb, and the truth that he wanted people to understand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mr. Griffin was a middle age white man who lived with his wife and children.   He was not oriented to his family.   He decided to pass his own society to the black society.   Although this decision might help most of the African Americans, he had to sacrifice his gathering time with his family.   â€Å"She offered, as her part of the project, her willingness to lead, with our three children, the unsatisfactory family life of a household deprived of husband and father† (Griffin 9). Leaving Mrs. Griffin and his children would deprive them of the care they needed.   Even though he was not oriented to his family, he was full of courage.   He was willing to discuss topics that people hesitated to talk about, trying new ideas that people were afraid to do.   After turning back to his own skin color, he attended most media conferences and also wrote books about what he had gone through.   During those interviews, Griffin was ve ry considerate.   He requested Wallace, a reporter, to report carefully so that he would not hurt his African American friends.   â€Å"Please†¦ Don’t mention those names on the air.

Gender Roles in Children’s Literature

Everything we read constructs us, makes us who we are, by presenting our image of ourselves as girls and women, as boys and men† – M. Fox It is a well known fact that children’s literature holds an important role in the development of young children. It has the power to teach, offer meaning and serve purpose all while being entertaining. Children’s literature is a widely available resource that offers children a plentitude of insightful information. Within the pages children’s books lies an immense resource of tools that aid in the development of character for children, and conveys.Gender is an important aspect of development and is a commonly explored theme in children’s literature. Children gain information from many sources such as teachers, family and friends, but they also gain it from literature. Like in every culture the roles of gender in America are an important part of its culture. Gender Identity is a crucial part of a child’ s development because it helps children to see themselves in relation to others. A child develops their sense of gender at a very early age, for most children gender identity begins to develop between 18 and 30 months.After a child has developed their sense of gender they begin to realize that gender is stabile; girls grow up to become woman and boys grow up to become men. By the time a child is the age of four or five they have come to prefer participating and playing in activities that are defined by society as gender appropriate. It is during childhood that children begin to fall victim of stereotypical behaviors. For example girls refusing to play with trucks or wear pant because it is not considered feminine by society. Lawrence Kohlberg an American Psychologist outlines the stages of gender development.Kohlberg outlines gender development in three stages. The first being Gender labeling, in this stage children identify others as male or female based on physical appearance. The second stage is when children begin to recognize that gender is stable over time; gender stability. And the third stage is gender consistency; children understand that gender is permanent. But what influences children to know what’s appropriate for their gender? The answer may be found in a theory known as Gender Schema. The Gender Schema is a psychological theory that explains how children develop their gender roles.This theory suggests that children learn about male and females roles from the society in which they live in. This theory also suggests that children adjust their gender behaviors to conform to the gender expectations of their culture. Children acquire cultural information about their gender roles from a variety of sources; parents, teachers, family, media and literature. Through literature children are exposed to characters that outline the expected behaviors for each gender. Children take the information given to them and then try to conform themselves to what is expected of them.Because of this children are unable to know their full potential, forcing them to abide within their given roles. Since the beginning of time gender has defined ones role in society. â€Å"Like class, race and ethnicity, gender shapes just about every part of our lives. † (Macions pg 90). Society places roles and expectations for each gender that are played in out in every aspect of life; home, school, work, playgrounds and literature. As children develop they are subjected to messages from society, which helps them to gain understanding of the world around them and molds them into their given roles.The way, in which gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature, significantly contributes to the development of children’s gender roles and how they are perceived by society. It is important to teach children about gender roles since it is something that society holds in regards, but most of the time in literature it is done unequally. The portrayal of gender in literature is based off of the expectations of society and places bias on gender. Boys are portrayed as strong, adventurous, independent and capable and often play the roles of fighters, adventurers and rescuers.Girls are portrayed as sweet, naive, dependent, sensitive and emotional and play roles such as caretakers, princesses and mothers. The roles of gender portrayed in literature are often a reflection of the views of society and do not offer objective insight. Even though it is important to teach children about gender roles, the fashion in which it is done in does not allow children to see beyond those expectations. If a young girl is constantly read stories about a woman’s role as a housewife, homemaker and mother, she will assume that’s what is expected of her and will not know society will allow her to be anything she wants to be.Gender roles in children’s literature are linked to gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes have always been a part of society and are seen in almost every aspect of life. Stereotypes are defined as â€Å"exaggerated descriptions applied to every person in the same category. † (Macions p. 72). For every ethnic, racial and gender category society places stereotypes to describe certain groups of people. Gender stereotypes in children’s literature are portrayed in the traits, role behaviors, physical characteristics, and occupations of characters in children’s literature.The common messages in children’s literature about gender put emphasis on the traditional roles of men and woman. Unfortunately traditional roles are often unequal and place males as dominant over woman. Traditional gender encompasses the concept of masculinity and femininity. In many countries around the world, the traditional roles of gender are greatly valued. The traditional role of gender places woman as the homemakers and men as the provider. â€Å"Girls are always shown as passive and girls are always shown as being active. † (BookStove. com).With such emphasis on tradition, children’s literature does not allow children to see past the stereotypical expectations of society. It is no wonder why gender inequality in children’s literature is so prevalent when society places unequal views upon gender. Unfortunately much of the children’s literature today contains gender stereotypes as previously discussed. One would most likely assume that this is something of the past but it is as present today as it was in past decades. A reason for this could be that â€Å"Gender-role development is one of the most important areas of human development† (Noppe).Since gender roles are an important aspect of development for children, it is a significant topic in literature. However in the majority of children’s books the main characters are predominantly male, thus limiting opportunities for girls to identify with and validate their own gende r. The male gender has been the dominant of the two sexes since the beginning of time, which explains why male characters are dominant in children’s books. The majority of children’s books have a male as the main character, leaving females with the minority of literary experiences aimed for them. In an analysis of children’s book titles by S.Ernst it was â€Å"found that male names represented nearly twice as often as female names† (Tsao). Ernst also found that books that had gender neutral and girls names were actually about boys. Gender roles and stereotypes force young children to conform to traditional stereotypes regarding gender. Because of this, boys feel pressured to live up to the standards of masculinity while girls feel pressured to be feminine. Gender based beliefs are incorporated into a majority of literature written for children. Even though the stereotypical divide between males and females is not a large as it was 40 years ago, it is stil l present today. When they are repeatedly given stereotypical messages, their choices of what they want to become or accomplish is limited by these gender stereotypes† (Bookstove. com). Today both males and females are doctors, soldiers, teachers, athletes, government leaders, stay at home parents and much more, however this is not fully represented in children’s literature. Females in children’s literature are all too often â€Å"portrayed in a narrow and biased way† (Bookstove. com). Over the past few decades societal changes in gender roles have lead the stereotypical beliefs of gender to represent something different than what it used to.With so many changes in the views of society you would think that children’s literature would reflect these changes but all too often they do not. And most often the books that do challenge the beliefs of society draw great controversy causing them to be put on the back burner in favor of more traditional childr en’s books. The stereotypical roles of gender that are portrayed in children’s literature have been the cause of much controversy in recent years. However a solution to remedy the abundance of gender stereotypes in literature has not yet been reached.It is believed that the ideas of masculinity and femininity are too deeply embedded in society making it especially difficult to change. Every aspect of society is shadowed with stereotypical beliefs that are perceived through media, advertising, literature and socialization. These models are a constant reassure that exploits gender stereotypes. According to Bookstove. com, guidelines were implemented in an attempt to eliminate sexist roles in children’s literature. These guidelines were expected to encourage a healthier development of gender for young children but unfortunately did not persist to combat the situation.Thus making it evident, that stereotypes are too deeply rooted in society. It will be interesting t o see how the issue pans out over the coming decades. Gender identity is a crucial part of a child’s development and will most likely remain a common theme amongst children’s literature. The views of gender depicted in literature may prevent children from participating in activities that would best suit their capabilities and personalities. It is important to understand and learn the expectations of society but children’s literature does not fully allow children to develop concepts of individuality.Today society places value on individuality and does not limit life chances to certain genders, but this is all too often not shown in children’s literature. In order to help children in the process of gender identity one must realize that children need chances to interpret the world around them without the insight and beliefs of society. Hopefully in time children’s literature will steer away from the stereotypical beliefs of gender and focus on non-tra ditional gender roles, allowing children to see themselves in many different aspects.Works Cited Macions, John J. Social Problems. New York: Pearson, 2008. Noppe, Illene C. social. jrank. org. 1 December 2010 . Tsao, Ya-Lun. â€Å"Gender Issues in Young Children's Literature. † Reading Improvement (2008). â€Å"Unknown. † 12 3 2007. Bookstove. com. 5 December 2010 . â€Å"Gender Development: Gender Schema Theory. † Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender. Oxford: Elsevier Science ; Technology, 2001. Credo Reference. Web. 06 December 2010. Fox, M. (1993). Men who weep, boys who dance: The gender agenda between the lines in children’s literature. Language Arts, 70 (2), 84-88. [EJ457107].

A Various Powerful Organizations in England Essays

A Various Powerful Organizations in England Essays A Various Powerful Organizations in England Essay A Various Powerful Organizations in England Essay The basic alma for this unit is to provide novices with a perfect understanding of how various organizations operate the powerful influence of stakeholders and the relationship between the business and its external forces which are local, national and global environment. 1. 1 Before I go straight Into answering this question I will Like to briefly explain what an organization is, An organization is a social entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment. There are seven different type organizations in England. Each of these organizations have their purpose which they serve. . Sole trader. This Is a business that Is owned by one person, and Is controlled by the same individual. Their purpose is to render special services to customers, as they are sensitive to customers needs since they are closer to them. 2. Partnership. This is a type of business that is owned by two or more people. They raise capital to form this kind of business. There Is increased credibility among customers and supplier, the purpose for this kind of organization Is for the both of them to bring skills and employ workers to reduce unemployment 3. Private limited company. This is a type of organization in which the business is owned by share holders, but cannot be sold to the public, and also, Its stock cannot be traded on the stock market. They have a duty to pay tax and all other revenue to the government. 4. Public limited company. This type of Organization is owned not by one individual but by the public, they sell shares to the public since they are quoted the stock market. They employ large number of employees; engage In International trade that earn the country foreign exchange and revenues. . Co-operatives. This Is the type of organization that the roofs or persons come together for the purpose of each member and the public. 6. Franchises. This is the type of organization that gives right to another company to use their name. Their rules, norms and style of franchiser are followed according to how I set out. The franchisee has to pay a certain amount. They pay tax and revenue to the Public sector. This type of organization is own and run by the government. 7. Government. They are the local or federal investment. 8. Non profitable organization. This type of organization is set up not to make profit, they receive donations, to help the less privileged In the society. COMPANY PROFILE Marks and Spencer Is one of Auks leading retailers, which have over 21 million people visiting their stores every week. They offer high quality stylish, home product and great value clothing, and also quality foods, responsibly sourced from approximately 2,000 suppliers worldwide. They provide work for over 78,000 people In the UK and abroad, and they have over 700 UK stores, plus an increasing worldwide business. They have specific values, goals, missions and visions. Their main vision is to have a specific standard compared to others. Their main mission is to give self-improving OFF quality. Www. Merchandiser. Co. UK). 1. 2. Marks and Spencer as one of I-J leading Retail Company have a large number of stakeholders both internal and external, so they will go to any length to meet the expectations of these stakeholders. Employees. He employee are those individual in the company that put their effort to make sure that Marks and Spencer are running from day to day, they are the internal stakeholders in the company, meeting their expectations is of most importance, these expectation may range from wage levels, working condition, personal growth and Job security, since they are humans and all hose conditions are meant, their production level will increase greatly. Customers. The customer are the people that make Marks and Spencer who they are today, Marks and Spencer have to work so hard to met their expectation by producing reliable and affordable product at all times. Shareholders. These people are the investors they are very much interested in the share and affair of the company. Marks and Spencer have to meet to their need by offering security to their investment, market value of investment, dividends and liquidity of investment. Suppliers. The suppliers are those people that Marks and Spencer depend on to apply their good to met their expectation, Marks and Spencer have to offer security of contract, ensure the growth of the organization and also met up to their regular payment. Society. These group of people are those people around the environment they try to avoid discrimination and they make sure that Marks and Spencer produce safe product which will make the environment safe and healthy to live.. Government. The governments are the rule maker that governs every business in the I-J, to meet their expectation is the regular payment of taxes and following the rules set out by them. 1. . In a business organization, the manner of handling stakeholder is of most important and it is the responsibility of Marks and Spencer to ensure that is done because of its status. Reliability. There should be reliability in the company, Marks and Spencer should earn the trust of their customer, in order for this to be done the production and quality of their goods should be at its best at all time. And it is essential to innovation new product. Responsiveness. Responsiveness is a law which is bound by every company in England which has been set out by the government as a center for very company to follow. In that way mark and Spence must also respond to those laws, this can increase the output of the goods because the quicker response to customers needs the better. Design with quality. The goods and services offered to customers should be of good quality and latest design. There is nothing as constant as change in this world. Customers always forget about the price with the passage of time, but good quality remains as long as it does exist. It is essential that the goods should not be considered sold to the customers until the customer has used it and e/she is satisfied with the product. 2. 1 An Economic system is a well planned and organized way in which a nations resources are allocated in a national society. The following are ways in which a nation allocates its resources. Command economic system: this is whereby the resources are allocated by the government through their planning system. They also decide government, employees and consumers. All system is owned by the government. Free Market economy system: This kind of economical system can also be called the price system simply put is a means of allocating resources in which the resources are even out by the market mechanism and the company have the power to decide what to produce and the most important economic problems are been resolved by private individuals in the company. Mixed economic system: This is the kind of system that portrays the characteristics of both the market and command economy these resources are allocated by the government and the stakeholders as well and this system is owned by the two parties I. E. Government and the investors as well. Some of these resources are allocated through market system or price and other are allocated by the state. 2. 2 Fiscal Policy, has to do with how changes in the level and rules of taxation is carried out by the government, and also the how the government changes the spending in to influence the economy. In England, it is expected of every business to pay 40 % higher rate and a 20% standard rate. On selected product there are some special taxes which is up to 16. 5% plus and other condition. Monetary Policy, The circulation of money and supply of money is determined by the rules made by the central bank, currency board or other regulatory committee, and this at the end affects the interest rates. Monetary policy is the act of determining the way banks store their money in their vaults or reserve. In March 2009, (MAC) Monetary Policy Committee declared it would be decreasing bank rate to 0. % and also stated that this current rate wouldnt reduce below that current rate. But in order for stimulate the economy with monetary value series of purchase asset need to be done. 2. 3. Competition Act 1998. This act was made to stop practices that discourage competition and free trading between business organizations. The banning of abusive character by a company or anti-competitive practices can be spread in industry. The impact of this in Marks and Spencer is that the clothing aspect of M will get free trading and at the same time bringing out the best in M. Enterprise Act 2002. The Enterprise Act 2002 is policy of the Parliament of the United Kingdom have made lot of changes to I-J competition law with respect to mergers and also changed the law governing liquidation bankruptcy. Free trading Act 1973. These deals with company that come together and the misuse the monopoly power in the market. This does not affect the clothing aspect of M since clothing industry is not monopoly and the law also abides with offenders who try to discourage free trading. 3. 1 Even though companies have the right to fix its price of goods this also depends on the market structure at that particular time. Below are some of the factors that determine the output and pricing decision off business. (1) Supply and demand. Demand is how much in quantity the customer want the product while supply is the amount of quantity a company produce out to the market. For a company like marks and Spencer the higher the demand the higher the supply and also the price will increase because of the increase in demand. Same goes to decrease in demand the lower the supply. (2) Elasticity of Demand. This is whereby goods or service changes of some of their product there will be an increase in sales. (3) Elasticity of Supply. This is whereby a company responds whereby there is a change in price of goods or services. So if the prices increase so will supply. (4) Economies of Scale. This is defines in how much quantity a company produces goods; because the more products you produce and the more the customers buy it in numbers will be cheaper, so this give competitive advantage to smaller company. 3. . Market forces A market force is the relationship and interaction between supply and demand in a market. The organizational response to market forces is very necessary for the company to stay important in the market. T will also have a direct contact to its profits and reputation. For example in England, in the real estates industry, the prices of selling house and the price of letting out houses has increased because everyone want to come and stay in England, this means that demand of home has increased and the same time the supply will increase at the same time. And also ruing the summer season in England summer clothes such as sandals, bikini sleeveless etc are also high in demand, so with this the prices tend to increase with the demand its dealing with. The external factor which change the planned behavior production, these factor must be strictly monitored stay competitive and important in business For any company to be able to participate in the business industry the external factor must be put into effect below are the list of external factors that change the behavior of planned production. Political Forces: these are governmental rules which govern business activities in the United Kingdom. We have various business rules and policies, which are: The law governing business, foreign policies, political stability all this rules and policies help to shaping productions with companies in the United Kingdom. Cultural Forces: this is the fundamental way people behave during production. Many companies in the I-J have started introducing this system into place because of the diverse culture here. That shows most company considers each individual. Economic Forces: this conceal of all the various forces which include economical impact of very business. This include supply, production, monetary policy etc. Al this form to make production a reality. Technological Environment: Technology has succeeded in bringing the world together, and thereby making the world a global village. In some ways technology has aided the restructuring of business positively, an instance is the online mode of selling goods, providing services to customers, and also the trade of ideas. Marks and Spencer in a good way is an example of a business organization that technology has made a huge impact on, more sales are being made online and he payments for these goods have also been made easier using the online mode. Social and Global Environment: Education, corporate and globalization which is the agreement between foreign nations, WTFO principles, and other treaties and convention are treaties of social factor Foreign nations have come together to make changes on the social factor of education 4. 1 . International trade is buying and selling of goods and rendering of services services across national borders. It is of vast importance not Just for a single country but all the countries because without international trade the economy of a country and enable to display their manufactures to display at international level. This has been very important in the continued existence of I-J businesses because the raw materials that are used to produce the final products are mainly imported from abroad. 4. 2. Impact of Global factors on Uk organization help in better business strategy, because it has created free trade among countries in the WTFO. Business are also affected by the external environment. World Trade Organization (WTFO). This is the organizational bodies that deal with rules that concern trade between nations. The major aim is to assist business and importers to attain their aim in conducting their business. Or example a company like Primary import clothing material from china, since the raw material is cheap and labor is quiet affordable to other most customer, there is totally no tariff or tax when Primary is trading within countries in the WTFO. Technological Factor. Technology is one the factor that help shape the economy since the world is speedily becoming a worldwide village, the social media has assist Marks and Spencer to promote their goods and services to the public and also sales are made online which sake sales faster. Economical Factor. The economical factor involves the change in worldwide economy. A rise in the standard of living will apply to the increase in demand of the product. With the current worldwide recession that hit the I-J, marks and Spencer has impacted in a negative way. Government Factor. The governments are always a factor because they make a law that controls the country. 4. 3. EX. Policy on Business. The impact of this policy on Primary is that to improve quality of Jobs, promote gender equality and pay the wage due across all employee and combat poverty and social exclusion. EX. Policy on Competition. This law ensures that there is free completion, rather than some cartels running the business and fixing price, the impact of this is that Primary can improve on their service and compete freely with other competitors. EX. Policy on agriculture (CAP). This law protects farmers by ensuring good standard of living. Provide stable and safe food products to its consumer, this is a very good impact on business because Primary will be relaxed because with this law it is sure its getting the standard raw material for the production of its finished products. EX. Policy on Science and Technology. Member of the EX. Have been encouraged to invest 3% of their in R by 2020. Which is estimated to create about 3. 7 million Jobs and increase GAP by nearly ‚800 billion, the impact of this will be since there is employment then there will be more money in circulation and the sales rate will increase as a result. EX. Policy on education. The EX. Shall contribute to the development of youths and the provision of quality education all across its members. The impact of this to UK business organization is that there will be more qualified work force to run business and make good financial returns at the end.

Misinterpretation of Correlation Essays

Misinterpretation of Correlation Essays Misinterpretation of Correlation Paper Misinterpretation of Correlation Paper Correlation in statistics is the measure of the association between two variables. The number computed in correlation is known as the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient’s value ranges from -1 up to +1. The -1 value means that there is a perfect negative association between two variables. The +1 value means that there is a perfect positive association between two variables. A coefficient of zero means that there is no association between two variables (Agresti Franklin, 2007). The next paragraph will analyze the scenario regarding John’s computation of correlation coefficient and Tom’s interpretation of the correlation coefficient. One often misinterprets the use of correlation in statistics. In the scenario, Tom made a misinterpretation of the correlation coefficient. Correlation measures the level of association between two variables. Association does not demonstrate causal relationship between two variables. The correlation coefficient stated in the scenario is 0.85. This means that there is high association between the medication and the stomach upset. This high association can be a ground for testing the causation between the medication and stomach upset. In order to test for causation, two variables must be associated to each other. The 0.85 correlation coefficient is not enough to say that the medication is the cause of Tom’s stomach upset. Thus, Tom’s statement is incorrect. If would be more correct if Tom states that there is an association between the medication and his stomach upset. Misinterpretation of data is one of the usual problem people encounters. Data can be seen everywhere, from newspapers up to the television sets. Statistics is a powerful tool used in interpreting data. Without proper knowledge in statistics, many data misinterpretation may rise. These give a hint about how important statistics is in one’s everyday life. References Agresti, A. Franklin, C. (2007). Statistics : The art and science of learning from data. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Pearson Prentice Hall.

A Typology for foodservice menu development

A Typology for foodservice menu development Creating a menu for vegetarians, many food services do not think about the specifics of the nutrition of such people. Moreover, a lot of additional factors are to be considered about vegetarians while developing a menu fir them. Much attention should be paid to the reasons people have applied to which choosing their diet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Typology for foodservice menu development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The food services are to understand the psychology of vegetarians to make sure that they have developed the menu for them correctly and to know some particular rules according to which the menu is to be developed. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro in their article Vegetarians: A typology for foodservice menu development† discuss the problems the food services ace when they are about to develop a menu for vegetarians. Firs of all, the authors state the fact that the research in t he sphere is not enough. The food service menu development is the theme which is considered in many journals, however, the problem of vegetarian menu is not usually discussed. Dining is one of the Western activities and vegetarians want to have a perfectly developed meal if it is possible. Therefore, paying much attention to the motivation for being a vegetarian as the main factor food services should refer to while developing a menu, the authors of the article have decided to consider the problem as close as possible. The authors refer to the following difficulties in developing the menu, lack of knowledge about vegetarian food, absence of the notification in the menu that a food is vegetarian, limited variety of choice of the vegetarian food, presence of the hidden meat in the food, such as beef flavoring, etc., and the inability to understand the reasons why people consume vegetarian food which is really important. Dwelling upon the reasons of the little research in the sphere, t he authors refer to the problem of boring and unsatisfying attitude to vegetarian food. However, this is not really correct and many cooks begin to pay more attention to vegetarian food in several reasons.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First of all, many people become interested in vegetarian food. Second, the demand on such kind of food encourages the cooks create something interesting and the development of the vegetarian menu becomes a new issue for the restaurants. Moreover, the tendency to healthy nutrition increases the number of those who prefer vegetarian food, however, there are people who are vegetarians because of other reasons. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro are sure that the reasons why people have chosen vegetarian diet should be considered while developing the vegetarian menu as to meet the desires of different customers, the restaurant is to try to satisfy the needs of each of the customers. The individual approach is really important as trying to direct attention to each particular customer, the restaurant is going to win in comparison with the food service where the menu is directed for all vegetarians without differentiation. Trying to differentiate the vegetarian diets with the purpose to pay attention to consumers’ needs, the author identify health-concerned vegetarians, weight-concerned vegetarians, sensory vegetarians, comfort vegetarians, religious vegetarians, economically vegetarians, social vegetarians, ethical vegetarians, environmental vegetarians, and humanitarian vegetarians (Shani and DiPietro 70). Depending on the reasons why people have chosen not to eat meat and other products of living origin, people will choose the meals in the menu. Therefore, the restaurant managers are to consider the needs of each group mentioned above and to make sure that the menu is going to contain the items which are going to satisfy the needs of each category. The article is valuable for its recommendations for the further research and implications for practitioners. The authors have conducted the literature review and they able dwell upon the future of the sphere. Thus, the authors of the research want to direct the restaurant managers who want to attract more clients to heterogeneous market segment. The researchers are sure that the motivation for following the vegetarian market is important in choosing the products. Therefore, the food service managers are to develop the menu in accordance with the needs of the customers. The authors conclude that the main factor the restaurant managers are to pay attention to is the strictness of the diet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Typology for foodservice menu development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To the point, while developing the menu for vegetarians, managers are to pay attention to market segmentation, appropriate staff training, menu design, and small details which may be really important. The example of such detail is the serving of the soy milk along with of cow milk. Developing an effective menu â€Å"Foodservice operators must regularly develop new products and tweak old ones to pique consumer interest and attract repeat business† is the statement which serves as the prologue in the article Developing an effective menu by Heather Henstock. The main idea the author of the article wanted to deliver to the audience is the idea that changes in the menu are obligatory. No matter how successful the menu is, the managers are to understand that only constant and regularly improvement may be a guarantee of success. The Nice Easy Grocery shops are chosen as the example at the beginning of the article. The shop has been selling the particular type of salads and the products were successful, however they could not reach their full pote ntial. The hiring of the new chiefs to the store helped to conduct the slightest changes which have increase the potential of the menu and of the shop as a result. The authors of the research have made the change in the menu the central idea for the discussion. Moreover, the author states that the changes are to be conducted regularly in order to make the clients interested in the future changes. Thus, if the customers get used to the fact that ach week (month, decade) the restaurant change the menu, the increase of the visitors in the day of changes may be observed as people like changes, they are interested in new dishes and the ability to provide the customers with what they want is exactly what should be the main idea of the menu development process. Heather Henstock stresses the idea that demographic and psychographic factors are to be considered while developing the menu. The menu developers are understand what kinds of clients attend their restaurants and how the choice of th is or that meal may impact their desire to come to the restaurant again.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The menu developers are to understand that the food which is too popular in one part of the city may be absolutely out of demand in another. This is connected with people and their preferences in eating. In combination with the changes which are to be present in any restaurant, the menu developers are to remember about the meals which are too popular to be changed. Thus, if a menu developer will provide the changes in the product some particular group of people attend the restaurant for, they will not come to the restaurant again if they fail to get what they need. Therefore, the author of the article stress on the idea of rational changes to the menu while its development. Along with changes, the author of the article recommends to pay attention to the absolutely new products which may be interesting to the consumers. There are a lot of meals and products and it is impossible to have all the variety of items in the menu of one specific restaurant. However, the attempts to add somet hing new o the menu should be encouraged as this is one of the aspects of a change. Presenting a new product in the menu, the menu developers will have to remove one of the items from the menu. To the point, it is economically advantageous to remove the items from the menu which are out of demand and substitute those with the changed or the new ones. The author of the article states that the failure of provide changes to the menu may spoil the reputation of the restaurant. People live in the modern civilized world where globalization plays an important role. Globalization of all spheres of human life has created the circumstances that people got used to constant changes and improvement. Stable life is not what people have got used to. Therefore, when people do not see the changes (in the menu in his case) they lose interest. Those who do not want the customers to lose the interest in their restaurant should regularly change the menu and implement the novelties as the part of the men u development process. Henstock, Heather. Developing an effective menu. Convenience Store Decisions 22.10 (2011): 62-66. Print. Shani, Amir, and Robin B. DiPietro. Vegetarians: A typology for foodservice menu development. FIU Hospitality Review 25.2 (2007): 66-73. Print.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 6

Assignment Example It involves the selling of a discretionary product which may not be bought by the clients in situations of financial hardships unlike fuel and food stuffs. The products in this nature are heterogeneous and perishable since they best sell only up to the time of departures. Those that are packaged are often inseparable. However, the tour industry is in most cases highly structured with high degrees of specialization in the businesses within it in functions that are driven by the core business. Its structure is largely a function of consumers travel abilities and their selection of travel products that they choose to buy. The travel industry is structured into different forms including; inbound and outbound which refer to offering services to clients from other regions as well as serving clients from the same regions. Short haul and long haul; referring to the type of a market that a client comes from whether near or far away. Operators and resellers; referring to whether the company is moving its own products or the products of others in the market by either taking a commission or charging a mark up. Package Travel, Group Travel, and Independent Travelers; Involves selling the services in a package, this may be spread into package holidays for the group travelers, or personal travelling for certain clients who do not prefer group travel. It is further structured into travel operators which include; travel agencies, outbound tour operators, ground operators, local service providers and travel resellers and portals (Osterwalder, 2009). Tourism industry is one of the leading employment creation world-wide and is among the top-five leading industries in terms of employment creation. It provides a broad scope of support to businesses and service provision across the industry sector. In many countries in Europe and America, tourism business is mainly small to medium in size. Irrespective of size, tourism